Serosurveillance imachita ndikuyerekeza kuchuluka kwa ma antibodies pagulu la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Imathandiza kuyeza chitetezo cha anthu omwe atenga kachilomboka kapena katemera ndipo imakhala ndi ntchito yoyezera kuopsa kwa kufalikira ndi kuchuluka kwa chitetezo chamthupi.Mu mliri wapano wa matenda a coronavirus a 2019 (COVID-19), serosurvey yatenga gawo lofunikira pakuwunika kuchuluka kwa matenda aacute kupuma kwa coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) m'magulu osiyanasiyana.Zathandizanso kukhazikitsa zizindikiro za epidemiologic, mwachitsanzo, chiwerengero cha kufa kwa matenda (IFR).
Pofika kumapeto kwa 2020, ma serosurveys 400 anali atasindikizidwa.Maphunzirowa adatengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma immunoassays omwe adapangidwa kuti azisanthula ma antibodies motsutsana ndi SARS-CoV-2, makamaka kulunjika onse kapena gawo la mapuloteni a spike (S) ndi nucleocapsid (N) a SARS-CoV-2.M'mlili wapano wa COVID-19, mafunde otsatizanatsatizana akhala akuchitika m'magawo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, ndikuyambitsa kusakanikirana kosiyanasiyana kwa anthu panthawi yake.Chodabwitsa ichi chatsutsa SARS-CoV-2 serosurveillance chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwachilengedwe kwa chitetezo chamthupi.
Asayansi awona kuti ma anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody amakhala ndi chizolowezi chowola pakatha nthawi yochira.Zochitika zoterezi zimawonjezera mwayi wa zotsatira zoipa ndi ma immunoassays.Zoyipa zabodzazi zitha kufooketsa kuopsa kwa chiwopsezo chenicheni pokhapokha zitazindikirika ndikukonzedwa mwachangu.Kuphatikiza apo, ma anti-infection antibody kinetics amawoneka mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi kuopsa kwa matenda - matenda oopsa kwambiri a COVID-19 amayamba kupangitsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa ma antibodies poyerekeza ndi matenda ofatsa kapena asymptomatic.
Kafukufuku wambiri adawonetsa ma antibody kinetics kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mutadwala.Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti anthu ambiri m'madera omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka SARS-CoV-2 amawonetsa matenda ocheperako kapena asymptomatic.Ofufuza akukhulupirira kuti ndikofunikira kuyeza kusintha kwa ma antibodies, pogwiritsa ntchito ma immunoassays omwe amapezeka, pamitundu yonse ya kuopsa kwa matenda.Zaka zinkaonedwanso kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri pa maphunzirowa.
Pakafukufuku waposachedwa, asayansi adawerengera ma anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody mpaka miyezi 9 atadwala, ndipo adafalitsa zomwe adapeza mumdRxiv* preprint seva.Pakafukufuku wapano, gulu la anthu omwe ali ndi seropositive adalembedwanso kudzera mu kafukufuku wopangidwa ku Geneva, Switzerland.Ofufuza agwiritsa ntchito ma immunoassays atatu osiyanasiyana, omwe ndi, semiquantitative anti-S1 ELISA detecting IgG (yotchedwa EI), kuchuluka kwa Elecsys anti-RBD (yotchedwa, Roche-S) ndi semiquantitative Elecsys anti-N (yotchedwa Roche- N).Kafukufuku wapano akupereka chidziwitso chofunikira pamaphunziro a serologic otengera kuchuluka kwa anthu ndikuwonetsa zovuta zachitetezo cha chitetezo chamthupi chifukwa cha kusakanikirana kwa matenda aposachedwa komanso akutali a COVID-19, komanso katemera.
Kafukufuku yemwe akuganiziridwa wanena kuti anthu omwe adatenga COVID-19 ali ndi zizindikiro zochepa kapena anali asymptomatic, adawonetsa kukhalapo kwa ma antibodies.Ma antibodies awa amayang'ana ma nucleocapsid (N) kapena mapuloteni a spike (S) a SARS-CoV-2 ndipo adapezeka kuti akulimbikira kwa miyezi ingapo 8 atadwala.Komabe, kuzindikira kwawo kumadalira kwambiri kusankha kwa immunoassay.Ofufuza apeza kuti miyeso yoyambirira ya ma antibodies, otengedwa kuchokera kwa omwe adatenga nawo gawo mkati mwa miyezi inayi ndi theka ya COVID-19, anali ofanana pamitundu yonse itatu ya ma immunoassays omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kafukufukuyu.Komabe, pambuyo pa miyezi inayi yoyambirira, mpaka miyezi isanu ndi itatu atatenga kachilomboka, zotsatira zake zidasiyana mosiyanasiyana.
Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti pankhani ya kuyesa kwa EI IgG, m'modzi mwa anayi omwe adatenga nawo gawo adabwereranso ku sero.Komabe, kwa ma immunoassays ena, monga mayeso a Roche anti-N ndi anti-RBD okwana Ig mayeso, ochepa chabe kapena osasintha sero-omwe adapezeka pachitsanzo chomwecho.Ngakhale otenga nawo mbali omwe ali ndi matenda ocheperako, omwe m'mbuyomu amaganiziridwa kuti amathandizira kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chikhale chochepa kwambiri, adawonetsa chidwi akamagwiritsa ntchito mayeso a anti-RBD ndi anti-N okwana a Ig Roche.Mayesero onsewa adakhalabe okhudzidwa kwa miyezi yopitilira 8 atadwala.Chifukwa chake, zotsatirazi zidawulula kuti ma Roche immunoassays ndi oyenera kuyerekeza seroprevalence patapita nthawi yayitali matenda oyamba.
Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito kayeseleledwe kayeseleledwe, ofufuza anapeza kuti popanda njira yolondola quantification, makamaka, poganizira nthawi-yosiyanasiyana assay tilinazo, kafukufuku seroprevalence sangakhale olondola.Izi zipangitsa kuti anthu asamawerenge kuchuluka kwa matenda omwe akuchulukirachulukira.Kafukufuku wa immunoassay uyu adawonetsa kukhalapo kwa kusiyana kwa kuchuluka kwa seropositivity pakati pa mayeso omwe amapezeka pamalonda.
Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti pali zolepheretsa zingapo za phunziroli.Mwachitsanzo, reagent ntchito pochititsa EI assay onse oyambirira (woyamba kapena 1 mayeso) ndi kutsatira (2 mayeso ofuna omwewo) zitsanzo mkati mwa nthawi imeneyi anali osiyana.Cholepheretsa china cha kafukufukuyu ndikuti maguluwo sanaphatikizepo ana.Mpaka pano, palibe umboni wa nthawi yayitali wa antibody dynamics mwa ana womwe walembedwa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-24-2021